List of Emergency Drugs & Their Actions PDF

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List of Emergency Drugs & Their Actions

List of Emergency Drugs & Their Actions

The Emergency drug guidelines overlap with some conditions already covered in the other booklets – particularly those in the cardiovascular, diabetes, and respiratory guidelines. Some, like the management of cardiac arrest, are treated more fully in the Emergency Guidelines but the information in each set of guidelines is consistent.

Emergency drugs may be divided into two categories. The first category is drugs that are essential and should be part of every emergency drug kit. The second category consists of drugs that are useful but are optional depending on the practitioner’s training in emergency medical procedures and whether sedation and general anesthesia are used for behavior and anxiety management. WHO Emergency Drug Guidelines were requested as a “stand-alone” booklet by the medical staff of Tungaru Hospital, Kiribati.

 List of Emergency Drugs & Their Actions by WHO

Drug (concentration) and Indication Dose Administration / Remarks
Adenosine (3 mg/ml)
Acute treatment of supraventricular tachycardia
  • 1st 0.1 mg/kg/dose
  • 2nd 0.2 mg/kg/dose
  • 3rd 0.3 mg/kg/dose
Rapid IV push over 1-2 seconds
Flush line immediately with 5-20 ml NS
Infuse as close to IV site as possible
IO administration also successful
Atropine (0.1 mg/ml)
Bradycardia
0.02 mg/kg/dose IV May repeat x 1 dose in 3 minutes
Calcium gluconate (100 mg/ml)= 9.4 mg elemental calcium /ml
Cardia arrest
Hypocalcemia
100 mg/kg/dose IV
Not for IM or SQ use
May repeat x 1 dose, then dose per ionized calcium results
Administer by slow IV push for cardiac arrest, infuse over 30-60 minutes for other indications. Stop infusion if HR is greater than 100 bpm.
Do not give intra-arterially.
Dextrose 10% (0.1 Gm/ml)
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia in combination with insulin
0.2 Gm/kg/dose IV as D10W Then continuous infusion of D10W at a GIR of 4-8 mg/kg/min. Titrate to attain normoglycemia. 2 ml/kg of Dextrose 10% Hyperkalemia: Continuous infusion of 0.5 g/kg/hr dextrose and 0.1-0.2 units/kg/hr regular insulin. Dextrose and insulin dosages are adjusted based on serum glucose and potassium concentrations. Abrupt discontinuation of dextrose infusion is not recommended due to the risk of rebound hypoglycemia. Glucose concentrations less than D15 should be administered via a central vein to minimize risk of phlebitis and thrombosis.
Dopamine
To give 10 mcg/kg/min. @ 1 ml/hr : weight x 30 = mg of dopamine (in kg) in 50 ml D5W/NS
Hypotension
Begin at 5 mcg/kg/min.
May increase in increments of 2.5 – 5 mcg/kg/min. as needed up to 20 mcg/kg/min.
Consider if poor peripheral perfusion, evidence of shock, or thready pulses after epinephrine and volume expansion (and bicarbonate)
Administer into a central vein when possible. Phentolamine used for treatment of IV infiltrates.
Epinephrine 1 : 10,000 (0.1 mg/ml)
Resuscitation
Severe bradycardia
Short term use for systemic hypotension
0.1 – 0.3 ml/kg/dose IV, IO (0.01 – 0.03 mg/kg),
– For continuous infusion – start at 0.05 mcg/kg/min to a maximum of 1 mcg/kg/min.
Rapid IV push followed by 0.5-1 ml NS flush
May repeat every 3-5 minutes
ALWAYS use the diluted 1:10,000 (0.1 mg/ml) concentration for individual doses.
Only use the 1:1,000 (1 mg/ml) for continuous infusion solutions
NEVER inject into an artery
Do not mix with bicarbonate
Effectiveness of drug increases if acidosis is corrected
May mix dose volume with 3-5 ml NS
Follow ET administration with several positive pressure ventilations.
Do NOT administer these higher doses intravenously.
Fentanyl (50 mcg/ml)
Analgesia
Sedation
Anesthesia
1 mcg/kg Consider 10 mcg/ml for doses less than 5 mcg
Hydralazine (20 mg/ ml)
Hypertension by vasodilation
0.1-0.5 mg/kg Doses greater than 2 mg; consider 0.4 mg/ml
Lorazepam (2 mg/ml)
Sedation
Seizures
0.05-01 mg/kg Slow IV push
Seizures, may repeat q 10-15 minutes
Morphine (1 mg/ml)
Pain
Sedation
0.05-0.1 mg/kg Slow IV push over 5-10 minutes, IM, SQ
Naloxone (1 mg/ml)
Narcotic antagonist
0.1 ml/kg rapid IV push, IM May repeat in 3 – 5 minutes if no response during resuscitation.
Duration of reversal is brief; may need repeated doses.
Phenobarbital (65 mg/ml)
Anticonvulsant
15 – 20 mg/kg
-For refractory seizures- Additional 5 mg/kg doses, up to a total of 40 mg/kg can be given.
IV push over 10-15 minutes, no faster than 1 mg/min.
Drug can be administered by slow IV push, IM, PR, or PO.
Diluted IV product can be used orally.
Sodium Bicarbonate 4.2% (0.5 mEq/ml)
Metabolic acidosis
1 – 2 mEq/kg Slow IV push over 30 minutes.
Use only 0.5 mEq/ml solution for infants
Infuse 1 mEq/kg over ≥ 1 minute
CAUSTIC; don’t infuse faster than 2 ml/kg/minute.
NOT routinely given for resuscitation.
Can also be given by continuous infusion, IO, or PO
Vecuronium ( 1mg/ml)
Paralysis
Rapid Sequence Intubation*
0.1 mg/kg IV push over less than 1 minute
Volume Expanders RBCs, NS
Hypotension
Hypovolemia
With evidence of acute blood loss or a decrease in effective volume
RBCs: 15 ml/kg IV
NS: 10 ml/kg IV
RBCs: Infuse over 4 hours
NS: Infuse over at least 10 minutes, but preferably over 30-60 minutes.
Consider if poor response to resuscitative efforts or weak pulses with a good heart rate

Emergency Drugs List

Drug Indication Dose Quantity
Oxygen Almost any emergency 100% inhalation 1 “E” cylinder with adjustable regulator (0-15L)
Epinephrine Anaphylaxis
Asthma unresponsive to albuterol/salbutamol
1: 1000 (1mg/ml), auto-injector 0.3 mg/ml (EpiPen), 0.15 mg/ml (EpiPen Jr) 1:1000 mg/ml ampule, 1 EpiPen, 1 EpiPen Jr auto-injectors
Nitroglycerin Angina pain 0.4 mg sublingual every 3-5 minutes 1 metered spray bottle (0.4 mg)
Diphenhydramine Allergic reactions 1 mg/kg IM/IV; max 50 mg
(See table 2 for dosage by age)
50 mg/ml vials and 1 box 25 mg tablets
Albuterol/salbutamol Asthmatic bronchospasm 2 puffs; repeat as needed Metered-dose inhaler 2.5 mg/3ml nebulized solution
Aspirin Myocardial infarction 81 mg chewable tablet Chewable tablet, bottle baby aspirin (81 mg)
Glucose Hypoglycemia
(patient unconscious)
37.5 mg; repeat as needed 1 tube (37.5 mg)

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